Abstract:
Annona muricata (A. muricata) is a tropical plant species belonging to family Annonaceae
and known for its many medicinal uses. This review focuses on the research history
of its traditional uses, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, toxicological aspects of
the extracts and isolated compounds, as well as the in vitro propagation studies with the
objective of stimulating further studies on this plant for human consumption and treatment.
A. muricata extracts have been identified in tropical regions to traditionally treat
diverse conditions ranging from fever to diabetes and cancer. More than 200 chemical
compounds have been identified and isolated from this plant, the most important being
alkaloids, phenols and acetogenins. Using in vitro studies, its extracts and phytochemicals
have been characterized as antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal,
larvicidal, and cytotoxic to cancer cells. In vivo studies have revealed anxiolytic, antistress,
anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimalarial, antidepressant, gastro protective,
wound healing, hepato-protective, hypoglycemic, anticancer and anti-tumoral
activities. In silico studies have also been reported. In addition, clinical studies support
the hypoglycemic as well as some anticancer activities. Mechanisms of action of some
pharmacological activities have been elucidated. However, some phytochemical compounds
isolated from A. muricata have shown a neurotoxic effect in vitro and in vivo, and
therefore, these crude extracts and isolated compounds need to be further investigated to
define the magnitude of the effects, optimal dosage, and mechanisms of action, long-term
safety, and potential side effects. Additionally, more clinical studies are necessary to
support the therapeutic potential of this plant. Some studies were also found to have
successfully regenerated the plant in vitro, but with limited success. The reported toxicity
notwithstanding, A. muricata extracts seem to be some of the safest and promising
therapeutic agents of the 21st century and beyond that need to be studied further for better
medicinal formulations and diseases management.
