http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12283/359 2026-04-04T05:03:05Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12283/3927 A review of convertion of cellulose from saw-dust to glucose Wakube, Julius From the reviewed work, Wood saw dust (WSD) after lignocellulosic saccharification by different hydrolysis methods is more efficient for glucose production as, its contains cellulose and hemicellulose at higher levels 5.52±0.05 % (w/v) and 0.990±0.001% (w/v), respectively. Cellulose and hemicellulose account for about a quarter of whole biomass in all land plants. A pretreatment method using chemicalhydrolysis and enzymatic conversion from starch into fermentable sugars was investigated by Joung Woo Han, (2005). The WSD was hydrolyzed at1.69 g/l, using a crude culture filtrate Aspergillus fumigatus at pH 5.0 and 30ºC in acetate buffer 50 mM, while 23.3 g/l was with 1 N sulfuric acid (H2SO4) treatment. Aonla pomace waste was used as substitute to acid because of high acidic nature. Optimum conditions for lignocellulosic saccharification was discussed in this work. Megersa, S., & Feleke, S. (2020). Also carried out combined pretreatments of steam and mild NaOH with white rot fungi (WRF) on sawdust samples from Eucalyptus globulus and Cupressus lusitanica were investigated. Samples of the pretreated sawdust samples were then subjected to the enzymes from the hydrolytic wood rot fungi for hydrolysis into fermentable sugars after measuring. It was observed that lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose losses of the two sawdust types increased with the increasing incubation days but lignin and hemicellulose were preferentially degraded than cellulose. Sugar yield obtained from the sawdust pretreated in the combination of NaOH with WRF and steam with WRF was significantly higher compared to the yield obtained from the NaOH and steam alone. It was also reviewed thatThree top, but with no significant differences (P≤0.005), sugar yields of 7.78 g/l, 7.54 g/l and 7.51 g/l were obtained. Dissertation 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12283/3925 Formulation of herbal-based soap from rhoicissus tridentata root extracts for management of bacterial skin diseases Wabwiire, Jacob Bacterial skin infections are a major health issue worldwide. The major bacterial skin infections are cellulitis, folliculitis, impetigo, erysipelas, Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and many others. These are majorly caused by gram-positive bacterial strains mainly Staphylococcus aureus. Recent literature shows that various forms of treatment have been developed to curb bacterial skin infections. Among these is the use of medicinal plants majorly in traditional African Societies. In this report, the major objective was to carry out phytochemical screening of root extracts of R. tridentata and to formulate e herbal soap product based on Rhoicissus tridentata root extracts the for management of bacterial skin infections. The method of analysis described by Harbone, 1998 was employed during phytochemical screening and this showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols as main phytochemicals. The formulated herbal soap was named Rhoitriderm and was found to have good physical-chemical properties such as lemon smell, pH, color, cleansing, and lathering power. Anti-bacterial assay of this herbal soap needs to be done to evaluate its pharmacological uses. Keywords Rhoicissus tridentata, Staphylococcus aureus, phytochemicals, Rhoitriderm, Pentas decora, antibacterial. Dissertation 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12283/3917 Defluorination of water using aluminium – loaded lemon peelings carbon as modified natural adsorbents Ssekitto, Nathan The contamination of groundwater and high concentrations of fluoride ions are major problems worldwide, causing diseases like dental and skeletal fluorosis; in the population that uses this water for their consumption and therefore, its removal from groundwater is a very important issue. This study was aimed at developing an inexpensive and effective adsorbent for removing fluoride ions from drinking water to the safety limit, 1.5 mg/L set by World Health Organization and Uganda National Bureau of Standards. Lemon peelings obtained from Nagongera market, Tororo district were impregnated with aluminium by subsequent carbonization, alkalinizing and treatment with aluminium chloride and effectiveness in adsorbing fluoride ions was confirmed by batch adsorption studies. The adsorption data were analyzed by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The adsorption on the aluminium-loaded lemon peelings carbon (ALLPC) obeyed the pseudo second order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity ALLPC was studied with variation in size of adsorbent dose, size particles, pH, adsorbent dose and initial fluoride concentration. The extent of adsorption of fluoride ions by ALLPC adsorbent increased with increase in adsorbent dose, contact time and pH until an optimum value but decreased with the increase in particle size and initial fluoride concentration. In future, the potential ALLPC adsorbent can be used to design a household defluorination unit for effective and economical fluoride removal. Dissertation 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12283/3909 Physio-chemical properties of water in the shores of Lake Victoria: a case study in Namayingo District Okuku, Filex Water is one of the most valuable resources that is found on planet earth. It’s a fundamental compound to all forms of life, every living thing needs water not just for drinking or cleaning purposes but for general life existence. This study was conducted in Namayingo district, Bukana Sub- County in eastern Uganda, neighboring the Republic of Kenya in the east and southeast and the Republic of Tanzania in the south. The physiochemical properties of water (pH, DO, BOD, conductivity) was measured by different methods which includes pH meter, winkler method, and conductivity meter, several samples were collected from three different sites for experimentation and that is Atega landing site, Buduma fishing site and Namavundu fishing site. During the study, it was found out that the water in these three different sites have slightly distinct values which are in the range of, pH 8.5-9.1, DO 6.0-6.8 and BOD 5.6-6.0 and conductivity 1110-1370 µS/cm. These deviates from recommended values by World Health Organization which is in the range of 50-100 µS/cm for ground, surface and drinking water (seen in Table 2), and BOD value of less than 5 (<5). This shows clearly that water of Lake Victoria in Namayingo District is not safe for human consumption since its values of physiochemical properties are different from the ones recommended by WHO. This challenge can be addressed through different methods like sensitization and setting up strict laws and others to improve on water quality. Dissertation 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z