Abstract:
This study addresses the critical aspects of cattle herd structure in Soroti and Katakwi districts, Uganda, emphasizing the significance of understanding the composition, demographics, and management practices for sustainable livestock farming. Cattle rearing play a pivotal role in the livelihoods of communities in Soroti and Katakwi, yet the industry faces challenges such as poor health practices, limited knowledge, and inadequate market access. The absence of comprehensive information on herd structure hinders effective interventions. This research there for aimed at filling existing gaps in information, providing policymakers, agricultural extension services, and local farmers with valuable insights. The study employed a cross-sectional design, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. Sixty cattle herds were randomly sampled from three Sub Counties. Data on herd size, breed composition, age structure, and sex ratio were collected between November and December 2023. The mean herd size was 16.5 cattle, indicating substantial variability influenced by economic resources, cultural practices, and reproductive performance. Zebu breeds dominated (64.5%), with Ankole Longhorn, Nganda, and mixed breeds also present, reflecting cattle movement and uncontrolled breeding. Cows constituted the largest portion (37.2%), emphasizing their significance for herd growth and milk production. There was a notable imbalance in the sex ratio, with a higher proportion of females (68.3%) than males (31.7%). The study provides crucial insights into the dynamic cattle herd structure in Soroti and Katakwi. In conclusion, the prevalence of zebu breeds, imbalance in sex ratio, and the significance of cows for milk production underscore the need for targeted interventions and improved management practices.
The study recommended need for improved breeding practices, focusing on desirable traits and productivity, education on herd management to improve practices, including breeding, nutrition, and health care, encourage sustainable integration of exotic breeds through controlled crossbreeding, and developing climate-resilient strategies in cattle farming
