A retrospective study on the risk factors and management of human dog bites in greater Arua, west Nile sub region

Abstract

In Greater Arua, West Nile Region, dog bites pose a growing public health concern, particularly impacting young adults and urban communities. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated risk factors, and management practices of dog bites across different demographics and locations within Greater Arua. The study used a cross-sectional survey design, gathering quantitative and qualitative data from dog bite victims, healthcare providers, and local authorities to understand the scale and distribution of incidents. Statistical analyses, including odds ratios, pvalues, and confidence intervals, were applied to explore relationships between dog bite incidents and demographic variables such as age, gender, and district location. Key findings indicated that individuals aged 18-35 faced the highest prevalence of dog bites (29.13%) with a borderline statistical significance (p = 0.05). Arua City recorded the highest concentration of bites (71.17%), with a strong statistical link between district location and dog bite prevalence (p = 0.003), while gender showed no significant difference in bite incidence. Notably, unprovoked bites represented 55.26% of all cases, underscoring a serious risk of rabies transmission. The study concluded that dog bites are a substantial health issue in Greater Arua, with targeted public health interventions required in high-prevalence areas. Based on these findings, recommendations include implementing educational campaigns focused on the 18-35 age group, stricter dog control measures, and enhanced rabies control initiatives. Addressing gaps in dog bite management, such as the need for accessible reporting systems, improved healthcare access, and training in wound management, is essential for improving public safety and encouraging responsible dog ownership across the region.