Feasibility assessment of potential site for hydropower production

Abstract

This study investigates the feasibility of a potential site for hydropower production within the River Cheptui watershed, located in the eastern region of Uganda. With Uganda relying heavily on hydropower for electricity generation, and only a small portion of its potential capacity utilized, the research focuses on identifying viable small hydropower sites to enhance rural electrification and sustainable energy development. The study assessed the topographic characteristics of the watershed to estimate the gross head, evaluated the hydrological potential through rainfall-runoff modeling using HEC-HMS, and developed a hydropower energy model using RETScreen to estimate the annual energy output. Topographic analysis revealed a gross head of 115 meters, making the site suitable for run-of-river hydropower generation. Hydrological simulations based on 18 years of CHIRPS rainfall data estimated an average river flow of 5.1 m³/s, with a selected design flow of 3.1 m³/s. Energy modeling indicated an average annual energy production of 14.04 GWh, with variability due to seasonal rainfall patterns. The plant exhibited a capacity factor of 61.6%, with full capacity operation achieved over 45% of the year. The findings confirm the technical and hydrological viability of the site for small-scale hydropower development. The study recommends further environmental assessments, integration of hybrid renewable systems, and stakeholder engagement to ensure sustainable implementation. This research contributes to Uganda’s national energy goals and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 7 by promoting access to clean, affordable, and reliable energy. Keywords: Hydropower feasibility, River Cheptui, Run-of-river, Gross head, HEC-HMS, RETScreen, Small-scale hydropower, Rural electrification, Hydrological modeling, and Energy generation.