Impact of climate variability on millet production in Pallisa district, eastern Uganda

Abstract

Climate variability has posed serious threats to millet production in Pallisa district, yet the crop is vital in contributing to household income and food security. The study examined the impact of climate variability on millet production in Pallisa District. Specifically, the study: analyzed rainfall, temperature and millet production trends; assessed the effect of climatic factors on millet production; and examined the adaptation measures taken by millet farmers. The study used a descriptive research design. Secondary and primary data were used, in that secondary data informed primary data collection. Data on 30 years’ trend in rainfall and temperature were obtained from Uganda National Meteorological Authority (UNMA), while data on the 10 years’ trend in millet production from Census data and Annual Agricultural Survey (AAS). Simple random sampling was used to collect primary data from 365 households using a structured questionnaire. Analysis was done in SPSS version 20. Findings indicate that in the period 1991 to 2021, low rainfall was received while the years; 1993, 2000, 2016, with 2000 experienced the least rainfall. In contrast, the year 1996 there was a lot of rain experienced. Maximum temperatures were experienced in 2000 and 2016. Furthermore, during this period the first season yields were higher than those of the second seasons. Climate variability had resulted in premature drying of crops, reduction in yield per acre, shift in planting and harvesting time, losses due to hailstorms, and increased pests. All the interviewed farmers were adapting to climate variability by utilising native species perceived to be resistant varieties, adjusting the sowing dates, diversification, and intercropping. Government and other stakeholders should consider investing in research and development to come up with highly yielding and resistant varieties, encouraging diversification, and development of irrigation schemes for sustained production and livelihood.